What does “intranasal” (IN) administration mean?

Intranasal administration refers to the delivery of medication through the nasal passages, where it is absorbed through the mucous membranes. This route is particularly effective because the nasal cavity is highly vascularized, allowing for rapid onset of action as the medication quickly enters the bloodstream.

Using this method can be advantageous in emergency situations where intravenous access is difficult or time-consuming. Medications delivered intranasally can include various forms such as sprays or atomized liquid, making it a convenient and efficient method for treating conditions like pain, seizures, or nasal congestion.

By contrast, administration via injection specifically involves using a needle to deliver medication into the body's tissues or circulatory system, oral tablets involve swallowing medication that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and topical application requires placing medication directly onto the skin for localized effects. Each of these routes serves distinct purposes and has different absorption rates and effects compared to intranasal administration.