What is the purpose of the primary assessment?

The primary assessment is a crucial step in the patient evaluation process, particularly in emergency medical situations. Its main focus is to quickly identify and address life-threatening conditions that may jeopardize a patient's immediate health. This involves checking the airway, breathing, and circulation—often referred to as the ABCs of emergency care.

During the primary assessment, EMTs and other healthcare providers assess the patient's responsiveness and check for severe injuries or medical conditions that require immediate intervention. The intention is to ensure that vital functions are stable and to administer any necessary interventions, such as clearing an obstructed airway or providing supplemental oxygen for inadequate breathing.

While assessing vital signs and gathering medical history are important components of patient care, these actions typically take place after the primary assessment. The primary assessment specifically prioritizes the immediate evaluation and treatment of conditions that pose a direct threat to life, ensuring that further care can be provided effectively once any urgent issues have been addressed.