What triggers distributive shock?

Distributive shock is primarily characterized by a widespread vasodilation leading to a relative hypovolemia, which means that although the total blood volume may be normal, the blood vessels are unable to effectively utilize that blood due to a loss of tone. This loss of vascular tone results in the inability to maintain peripheral vascular resistance, causing blood to pool in the venous system and reducing effective perfusion to vital organs.

Conditions that can lead to this type of shock include sepsis, anaphylaxis, and certain types of neurogenic shock, all of which involve mechanisms that affect the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. Hence, the correct answer focuses on the underlying physiological disturbance that defines distributive shock, which is the blood vessels’ inability to constrict properly, resulting in inadequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.

The other options do touch on elements related to shock or conditions affecting the body's fluid dynamics but do not specifically describe the mechanism of distributive shock. Loss of blood volume refers more to hypovolemic shock, fluid overload typically pertains to volume overload conditions rather than shock states like distributive shock, and infections, while they can be associated with conditions causing distributive shock like sepsis, are not the sole trigger.